Hardness of water is mainly due to the presence of
calcium trioxocarbonate (IV) or calcium tetraoxosulphate (VI)
sodium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide
calcium chloride or sodium chloride salts
0
Explanation: Hardness of water is caused by dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium. These include calcium hydrogencarbonate \((\ce{Ca(HCO3)2})\), calcium sulfate \((\ce{CaSO4})\), and similar magnesium salts. These salts make the water "hard" because they prevent soap from lathering easily. Sodium salts (like \(\ce{NaCl}\)) and strong bases (like \(\ce{NaOH}\)) do not cause hardness.
Final Answer: calcium trioxocarbonate (IV) or calcium tetraoxosulphate (VI)
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